Al Smith, in 1928, became the first Catholic to be nominated as a presidential candidate from a major party, though he eventually lost to Herbert Hoover. (0:01:15)
Former presidential candidate, Democrat, and devout Catholic, Al Smith, comments on the repeal of the 18th Amendment (Prohibition) and argues that the nation is better off without such a restriction. (0:00:44)
Universal Newsreel (March 15, 1945): The Roer Offensive: The U..S. 1st Army and the U.S. 9th Army open their concerted attacks on the Roer River fortresses which guard the approach to the all important Cologne Plain. Intensive bombardments precede their fighting advances into Julich. Linnich, Neuss, Baal and Erklenz. Pontoon bridge approach to the various cities reveal them to be in ruins. Gen. Simpson, Commandant of the U.S. 9th Army, accompanies Gen. Eisenhower on a tour of inspection of ruined Julich and its famous citadel. Celebrant G.I.'s parade through the streets, Nazi prisoners and refugees march to the rear, and the foundation is laid for the advance on the Rhine." scenes of Allies crossed the Rohr river, then the Rhine river at Remagen, have taken more than one million prisoners, destroyed cities, Ike and Gen. Simpson of 9th Army, civilians rounded up, forced laborers freed, inmates prepare own meals in concentration camp liberated. Source: http://www.archive.org/download/1945-03-15_Allies_Open_Final_Drive_In_Germany/1945-03-15_Allies_Open_Final_Drive_In_Germany_256kb.mp4 (0:03:00)
"Election Day!", an anti-suffrage cartoon, depicts a husband being overburdened with domestic duties as the wife is leaving the house to cast her vote.
Universal Newsreel (December 18, 1944): "At Saipan, after briefing, the members of the 21st bombing Command take to Super Fortresses and roar into the sky - destination Tokyo! They shower tons of bombs and incendiaries on the huge sprawling city as they hit factories, steel mills and docks. Mass civilian evacuation of Tokyo was ordered after this raid. Jap [sic] Raid Saipan - Saipan is attacked by Jap [sic] raiders, 14 of which are shot down, after they had started spectacular fires and caused minor damage. Scenes of Japan fighter planes strafe B-29s on Saipan, but 14 of 15 raiders shot down, and B-29s take off on bomb raid; map of attack on Japan; with Tokyo aflame the Superforts head for home." Source: http://www.archive.org/download/1944-12-18_B-29s_Rule_Jap_Skies/1944-12-18_B-29s_Rule_Jap_Skies_256kb.mp4 (0:01:36)
This early television commercial shows the marketing techniques of the makers of consumer products and the pervasiveness of advertising in the new medium. (0:01:01)
Universal Newsreel (February 15, 1945): Meeting in Yalta - With the Foreign Secretaries Stettinius, Edon and Molotov on hand, Prime Minister Churchill is greeted, to be quickly followed by Joseph Stalin and President Roosevelt. Within the beautiful czaristic palace at Yalta in the Crimea, the heavy deliberations between the three heads of government begin, with their full staffs in attendance. Personalities on hande include Anne Boettinger, Sarah Oliver Churchill, Harry Hopkins, Steve Early, Ambassador Harriman and others." scenes of W. Averill Harriman and George Marshall and Field Marshall Wilson arrive in London, for meetings at Montgomery House, then Roosevelt and Churchill and Stalin arrive at Yalta. Source: http://www.archive.org/download/1945-02-15_Big_Three_Confer/1945-02-15_Big_Three_Confer_256kb.mp4 (0:02:25)
Former baseball player Billy Sunday became a leading evangelist of the Fundamentalist Movement of the 1920s. This recording gives some impression of his preaching style. Source: http://64.34.176.235/sermons/SID4499.mp3 (0:00:35)
A graph that clearly illustrates the shifting demographics of slavery from a national to a regional phenomenon during the late 18th and early 19th centuries.
This CNN news report shows the fire which destroyed the Waco, Texas compound of David Koresh's Branch Davidians following a 51-day standoff with FBI and ATF agents, killing 86. The ordeal raised serious constitutional questions over religious liberty. Source: http://www.cnn.com/resources/video.almanac/1993/waco.explosion/waco.large.31sec.mov (0:00:31)
"Southern Chivalry—Argument Versus Clubs" depicts the infamous caning of Sen. Charles Sumner (R-Mass.) by Rep. Preston Brooks (D) of South Carolina, incurred on the floor of the Senate after Sumner disparaged Brooks' relative, Sen. Andrew Butler (D). The incident, which occurred days after Sumner's provocative "Crime Against Kansas" speech, illustrated the national divide over slavery and presaged the brutality of the Civil War.
This clip shows a parade down Fifth Avenue, New York. In the foreground many children, both black and white, can be seen following alongside the parade. The participants in the parade include cowboys, Indians, and soldiers in the uniform of the United States Cavalry on horseback and riding horse-drawn coaches. Buffalo Bill can be seen on horseback, lifting his hat to the crowd. (0:01:55)
In the postwar consumer economy of the 1920s, mass production and mass media combined for the first time to provide slicker and more pervasive advertising than ever before. Source: http://memory.loc.gov/mbrs/amrlv/4007.mov (0:00:43)
This brief audio lecture gives biographical information on two "Robber Barons": Andrew Carnegie of Carnegie Steel and John D. Rockefeller of Standard Oil. (0:03:38)
This retrospective on the April 26, 1986 explosion at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant in Soviet Ukraine presents up-to-date findings on the disaster and its aftermath. Focuses on the human and environmental impact as well as the inherent dangers of nuclear technology (0:02:18)
This early television commercial shows the marketing techniques of the makers of consumer products and the pervasiveness of advertising in the new medium. (0:02:06)
With this statement, spoken at Westminster College in Fulton, Missouri, Winston Churchill identified that the sides had been drawn between the communist and democratic powers in what would become the Cold War. (0:00:17)
An 11-minute educational film on the Cold War conflict from Coronet Instructional Films. This is a pro-Capitalist / anti-Communist propaganda film. (0:10:40)
"A Fourth of July oration by the governor to celebrate "the beginnings of a government that was to recognize beyond all others the power, and worth, and dignity of man." http://memory.loc.gov/mbrs/amrlrs/9000010/9000018.wav (0:03:45)
In this speech, Coolidge reveals his personal ideals in serving public office - to preserve the righteousness of our nation. The notion that America had a special moral purpose became known as Americanism. Source: http://memory.loc.gov/mbrs/nforum/9000048.wav (0:04:15)
Governor Calvin Coolidge made an early reputation for himself in Massachusetts by standing up to the American Federation of Labor, and while he was vocal about workers' rights, this speech shows that he advocated smaller, more laissez-faire government. Source: http://memory.loc.gov/mbrs/nforum/9000010.wav (0:05:21)
Universal Newsreel (October 25, 1962): UN Ambassador Adlai Stevenson speaks at the General Assembly on the Cuban Missile Crisis; Castro builds up defenses in Cuba; cameras installed in airplane, photos show details, MiG-21 jets, the O.A.S. endorsed U.S. in 20-0 vote, Dean Rusk shown at this meeting; Guantanamo base marines arrive; UN building exterior, Adlai Stevenson speaks. Source: http://www.archive.org/download/1962-10-25_The_Cuban_Crisis/1962-10-25_The_Cuban_Crisis.mpg (0:06:00)
Thomas Alva Edison held 1093 patents and revolutionized industry and daily life for all Americans, particularly with the invention featured in this film, the incandescent light bulb. (0:04:02)
Vietnam Politics Government Foreign Policy Communism Cold War
Universal Newsreel (October 31, 1955): story about the opening of the "Big Four" Conference. It focuses upon the tensions created by the USSR's "guns for cotton" policy that was inflaming the Arab-Israeli conflict.
This recording consists of one man's account of the race riot in Tulsa, Oklahoma in 1921 in which a black mob formed to defend a black rape suspect from being taken from the courthouse and lynched by a white mob. (0:01:36)
A short video clip of Secretary of State John Foster Dulles offering a pessimistic view of the upcoming Geneva Conference, held in 1954 in an effort to bring peace to French Indochina (Vietnam). (0:00:22)
Prime Minister Anthony Eden is received by Max Petitpierre during the Geneva Summit of the Big Four (France, U.K., U.S.A., and U.S.S.R.). Source: http://www.dodis.ch/e/bilder_1955.html
In one of Edison's early films on the life of the American Cowboy, a cameraman has placed the camera near a fire where some branding irons were being heated. Three men can be seen branding calves. Source: http://memory.loc.gov/mbrs/awal/1518.mov (0:01:21)
In one of Edison's early films on the life of the American Cowboy, six ranch hands are moving cattle on a ranch. Source: http://memory.loc.gov/mbrs/awal/0214.mov (0:00:30)
In one of Edison's early films on the life of the American Cowboy, the cameraman has attempted to capture as many cattle as possible on film. Source: http://memory.loc.gov/mbrs/awal/0699.mov (0:01:09)
Taken at the Golden Jubilee in San Francisco, California in 1898. This clip shows a procession by some of the Chinese residents of San Francisco. Eight years later, an earthquake nearly destroyed the city but the Chinese enclave remained. Source: http://memory.loc.gov/mbrs/edmp/1278.mov (0:00:32)
Imperialism Entertainment Technology Spanish-American War
This video contains early footage of the first ship to open fire at the Battle of Manila Bay, May 4, 1898. Source: http://memory.loc.gov/mbrs/sawmp/0020.mov (0:00:45)
Entertainment Imperialism Spanish-American War Technology
During the battle of Santiago, July 3, 1898, the Spanish scuttled the cruiser Vizcaya at the entrance of Santiago harbor and surrendered. Source: http://memory.loc.gov/mbrs/sawmp/0136.mov (0:00:30)
Universal Newsreel (September 22, 1960): In response to the Soviet Union's successful detonation of the atomic bomb, President Eisenhower appealed to the United Nations General Assembly for disarmament by proposing a 5-point program. Source: http://www.archive.org/download/1960-09-22_ike_at_un/1960-09-22_ike_at_un_256kb.mp4 (0:02:39)
Vietnam Presidential History Government Foreign Policy Executive Branch Communism Cold War
Universal Newsreel (July 21, 1955): story of President Eisenhower at the conference in Geneva. Eisenhower offers to share U.S. military data with the USSR if it is reciprocated. (0:01:03)
Universal Newsreel (January 16, 1947): story of the French Foreign Minister's visit to Indochina (Vietnam) to determine the cause of the uprising in Hanoi. (0:01:11)
"Ever Since the Movies Learned to Talk" by Irving Kaufman and his Orchestra is an example of the kind of music that became popular in the 1920s as phonograph records became made popular music more accessible. (0:02:51)
Politics Government Foreign Policy Communism Cold War
Universal Newsreel (August 4, 1955): story about a meeting between the U.S. and China in Geneva. Sound byte of the Chinese ambassador expressing his intension for peace with the U.S. (0:01:13)
This video discusses a component of the Compromise of 1850, the Fugitive Slave Law, which authorized federal troops to apprehend fugitive slaves in northern states. Source: http://dig.lib.niu.edu/teachers/video/foner7.rm (0:02:54)
After the end of WWI, the early civil rights organization the Universal Negro Improvement Association under Marcus Garvey promoted the "Back to Africa" movement. Black WWI veterans faced a new level of hostility from whites at home. Thus, Garvey thought that only in a country of their own could they ever achieve their rights. (0:03:36)
A brief audio clip of a speech by General John J. Pershing, commander-in-chief of the U.S. Expeditionary Force during World War I, in which he implores Americans to support the troops in Europe and the "high ideals" for which Americans are fighting. (0:00:34)
Universal Newsreel (May 17, 1945): Berlin: Air Marshal Tedder, General Spaatz, Marshal Zhukoff and others receive the surrender of General Keitel, Admiral Friedberg and General Stumpf, which commits Nazi Germany to Allied control, ceases hostilities and ratifies the previous capitulations to General Eisenhower and General Montgomery. The Wreckage of Germany - R.A.F. saturation bombings of Hamburg have destroyed the huge ship yards and left all buildings absolutely gutted. Hamburg is ruined. And the question 'What of Berlin?' is now answered. All Nazi government buildings are totally ruined, as are the famous hotels and other buildings which lined her famous boulevards." scenes of Keitl surrenders to Zhukov in Berlin, Russians tour the gutted capital, pictures of destroyed Hamburg. Source: http://www.archive.org/download/1945-05-17_U-Boat_Menace_Ended/1945-05-17_U-Boat_Menace_Ended_256kb.mp4 (0:01:41)
This early television commercial shows the marketing techniques of the makers of consumer products and the pervasiveness of advertising in the new medium. (0:00:55)
Civil War Culture Entertainment Great Depression Poverty
Adapted from Margaret Mitchell's novel of the Civil War, Gone With the Wind portrayed a woman's will to survive amidst extreme deprivation. The film remains the highest grossing film of all time when adjusted for inflation. (0:01:00)
In 1940, John Ford adapted John Steinbeck's novel, The Grapes of Wrath, for the screen. The book and the film provide some of the most indelible images of life for migrant workers in California during the Great Depression. (0:01:39)
In this recording for one of the New Deal's oral history projects, a couple speak of rationing during WWI. Americans' willingness to go without speaks to Herbert Hoover's effectiveness as the leader of our country's food production.
In this recording, Senator Warren G. Harding promotes the idea that America holds a special place as the highest form of civilization. Source: http://memory.loc.gov/mbrs/nforum/9000017.wav (0:04:24)
In keeping with his plan for "normalcy" and isolationism, Senator Warren G. Harding urges America's foreign born to forget the conflicts of the Old World. The sentiment continues Theodore Roosevelt and Woodrow Wilson's suspicions of "hyphenated Americans". Source: http://lcweb2.loc.gov/mbrs/nforum/9000051.wav (0:04:21)
In this recording, Senator Warren G. Harding pushes for American entry into World War I as a matter of self defense. Source: http://memory.loc.gov/mbrs/nforum/9000029.wav (0:03:33)
The comedian in this recording showcases her impression of an Eastern European Jewish immigrant. Dialect comedy based on ethnic stereotypes was a staple of the Vaudeville stage. Source: http://xroads.virginia.edu/~MA02/easton/vaudeville/hebrew.mp3 (0:02:02)
Economics Great Depression Politics Poverty Presidential History
The Republican incumbent Herbert Hoover perhaps wrongfully bears the blame for the Great Depression, but his unwillingness to undertake drastic federal intervention measures to provide relief cost him the election in 1932. (0:02:23)
A photo of Hubert H. Humphrey. Hubert Horatio Humphrey II (May 27, 1911 – January 13, 1978) was the 38th Vice President of the United States, serving under President Lyndon Johnson. Humphrey twice served as a United States Senator from Minnesota, and served as Democratic Majority Whip. He was a founder of the Minnesota Democratic-Farmer-Labor Party. He was also elected mayor of Minneapolis, Minnesota. In 1968 Humphrey was the nominee of the United States Democratic Party in the United States presidential election, but lost to Republican Richard M. Nixon. While mayor of Minneapolis, Humphrey was a great supporter of desegregation in the armed forces. He intended to make discrimination in the city's National Guard illegal, but was concerned over losing state funds. Source: http://www.hrc.utexas.edu/exhibitions/online/ddd/includes/images/475/207.jpg
1960s Change Through Time Cold War Communism Politics Presidential History
Universal Newsreel (January 23, 1961): Johnson sworn in as VP by Sam Rayburn, Kennedy sworn in by Chief Justice Warren, Kennedy speaks, procession to the White House riding in car, watch parade ended by replica of PT boat on float; night inaugural balls with Jackie. Source: http://www.archive.org/download/1961-01-23_Inauguration/1961-01-23_Inauguration_256kb.mp4 (0:06:01)
Universal Newsreel (July 15, 1955): story about the fight in Vietnam. The story highlights the success of U.S. training of South Vietnamese forces as illustrated by the victory of this particular battle. (0:00:35)
A short newsreel that portrays the end of Prohibition in a very positive light, indicating that lifting the restriction will boost the economy. (0:02:09)
Clip contains a brief conversation between President Lyndon B. Johnson and UN Ambassador Adlai Stevenson. Johnson seeks Stevenson's counsel on South Vietnam and Laos. Stevenson wants to meet Johnson face-to-face rather than discuss the situation on the telephone. Regarding Vietnam, said Stevenson: "It really gives me the shakes."
A 2-minute audio clip of a telephone conversation in which Johnson indicates he wants to avoid a presidential commission on the Kennedy assassination and briefs Hoover on his view that a Texas inquiry would be adequate with the full cooperation of the FBI. A very good example of Johnson's techniques of persuasion.
Benjamin Franklin's "Join or Die" political cartoon published in the Pennsylvania Gazette in 1754 conveyed that the colonies would wither and die if they did not unite. It reflects the foresight of Franklin to understand the importance of the colonies banding together.
Presidential History Politics Modern History Executive Branch Cold War 1960s Space
In this excerpt from President Kennedy's Special Message to Congress on Urgent National Needs, given May 25, the president establishes the goal of landing on the moon. He notes the USSR’s achievements in space exploration and urges Congress to dedicate sufficient resources to the United States effort. (0:07:56)
A 13-minute speech given by President Kennedy expressing outrage at the lack of equality evident in the U.S. In the speech Kennedy proposes civil rights legislation, which did not materialize until after his assassination. Transcript: http://www.jfklibrary.org/j061163.htm
Cold War Presidential History Presidents Space Technology
Universal Newsreel (September 13, 1962): Kennedy begins space bases tour at Huntsville, meets von Braun, sees Mercury capsule, then to Cape Canaveral, then to Houston and stadium at Rice Univ for speech, then to Manned Spacecraft Center, sees Gemini capsule, then to McDonald plant in St. Louis where capsules built, sees Gemini capsule. Source: http://www.archive.org/download/1962-09-13_Kennedy_Tour/1962-09-13_Kennedy_Tour_256kb.mp4 (0:02:46)
Before taking the oath of office, President-Elect John F. Kennedy commits himself to perpetuating during his tenure as Presidentthe "historic qualities" of Massachusetts - courage, judgment, integrity, and dedication. (0:08:39)
Presidential History Politics Government Foreign Policy Executive Branch Communism Cold War
The historic Cuban Missile Crisis address, delivered to the nation at 8:00 p.m. on October 22, 1962. Part 2 of 4. President Kennedy announces that ships with offensive weapons will be turned back from Cuba and that any Soviet missile attack from Cuba would be considered an attack on the U.S. Source: http://www.earthstation1.com/pgs/kennedys/des-JFK_102262MONPM_2.wav.html (0:00:28)
Presidential History Politics Government Foreign Policy Executive Branch Communism Cold War
The historic Cuban Missile Crisis address, delivered to the nation at 8:00 p.m. on October 22, 1962. Part 3 of 4. President Kennedy calls upon Soviet Premier Khrushchev to remove Soviet missiles from Cuba, to cease the USSR's quest for world domination, to avert war and to end the arms race. Source: http://www.earthstation1.com/pgs/kennedys/des-JFK_102262MONPM_3.wav.html (0:00:29)
Presidential History Modern History Foreign Policy Communism Cold War 1960s
In this famous expression of solidarity with the isolated people of West Berlin, Kennedy denounces Berlin Wall and urges those in the "defended island of freedom" to maintain hope and courage. (0:09:21)
Presidential History Politics Modern History Foreign Policy Communism Cold War 1960s
In his inaugural address, given January 20, 1961, President Kennedy famously implored, "ask not what your country can do for you - ask what you can do for your country." He focuses on foreign policy, fighting poverty, striving for peace, and defending liberty in a era of new beginnings. Source: http://webstorage4.mcpa.virginia.edu/jfk/audiovisual/speeches/spe_1961_0120_kennedy.mp3 (0:14:00)
Presidential History Politics Modern History Communism 1960s
Senator John F. Kennedy's address upon accepting the Democrat Party's nomination for the Presidency became known as the New Frontier Speech. In it, he urges Americans to accept a Catholic nominee and he calls for creativity, resolve, and sacrifice to combat economic and social challenges at home as well as Communist expansion and nuclear weapons abroad. Source: http://webstorage4.mcpa.virginia.edu/jfk/audiovisual/speeches/spe_1960_0715_kennedy.mp3 (0:21:32)
Separation of Powers/Checks and Balances Presidential History Politics Modern History Foreign Policy Communism Cold War 1960s
This occasion marks the culmination of an 8-year process of negotiation with the USSR. The Test Ban Treaty allowed underground nuclear testing because Moscow feared the on-site inspections necessary for a complete test ban. President Kennedy persisted despite a wary American public and a divided Senate. The treaty was approved, 80-19, and signed on October 7, 1961. (0:02:17)
Presidential History Politics Modern History Ethnic Studies Culture Civil Rights African Americans 1960s
When the Alabama National Guard was required to facilitate a court order to admit African-American students to the University of Alabama, Kennedy urged Americans to examine their consciences about such incidents. Kennedy's remarks are peppered with references to Golden Rule ethics, making them a particularly poignant contribution to the struggle for civil rights. (0:13:22)
Modern History Foreign Policy Communism Cold War 1960s
In this address before the General Assembly of the United Nations, President Kennedy challenges the Soviet Union "not to an arms race, but to a peace race." He proposes a six-point plan for disarmament, non-proliferation, and keeping nuclear weapons out of space. He also advocates an international organization within the UN to verify disarmament through inspection. He voices the still relevant concern that UN forces are inadequate and warns the Assembly of the "smoldering coals of war in Southeast Asia" and the newly-constructed Berlin Wall. (0:40:11)
Presidential History Modern History Foreign Policy Cold War 1960s
In this October 22 broadcast, President Kennedy informs the American public of the Soviet missile buildup in Cuba, only 90 miles off the Florida coast. He responds by imposing a naval blockade of offensive weapons to Cuba and alerting U.S. allies. In response, Soviet Premier Khrushchev authorized officers in Cuba to launch the missiles if invaded by the U.S. Thus, the seven-day standoff known as the Cuban Missile Crisis began. (0:17:37)
Separation of Powers/Checks and Balances Presidential History Modern History Foreign Policy Communism Cold War 1960s
After the Cuban Missile Crisis, President Kennedy and Soviet Premier Khrushchev began to communicate through private correspondence. Negotiations in Moscow produced a pact to limit nuclear testing to underground sites. In this address urging public support and Congressional ratification of the treaty, Kennedy explains that the limited test ban reduces the dangerous effects of radioactive fallout and establishes a more hopeful platform for future negotiations with the USSR without compromising national security. (0:25:16)
Presidential History Modern History Foreign Policy Communism Cold War 1960s
In this commencement address at American University, President Kennedy urges every American to "examine his own attitude toward the possibilities of peace, toward the Soviet Union, toward the course of the cold war and toward freedom and peace here at home." The president acknowledges the futility of the arms race and looks forward to direct communication and negotiation with Soviet leaders. (0:26:47)
Presidential History Modern History Foreign Policy Communism Cold War 1960s
In this July 25 address to the American people, President Kennedy calls for increased military readiness and civilian preparation for nuclear war in response to Khrushchev's threat to sign a separate peace agreement with East Germany that would end four power access to West Berlin. He emphasizes the symbolic and strategic importance of Berlin as well as the United States' commitment to a peaceful resolution. (0:31:14)
Presidential History Modern History Executive Branch Communism Cold War 1960s
On November 2, President Kennedy announced to the American public that Soviet missiles bases in Cuba were being dismantled. Here the president assures Americans that surveillance and naval quarantine would continue, followed by international verification. (0:01:51)
Presidential History Modern History Foreign Policy Communism Cold War 1960s
In this address at the Free University of Berlin, President Kennedy reminds students in West Berlin of the importance of perpetuating the university's ideals of truth, justice, and liberty to "exert an ever-increasing attraction to the people of the East." He emphasizes the critical role of the scholar in the eventual reunification of Germany and the advancement of free societies everywhere. (0:18:20)
Presidential History Modern History Foreign Policy Communism Cold War 1960s
In this address to the American Society of Newspaper Editors, President Kennedy characterizes the U.S.-planned and funded Bay of Pigs Invasion as "a struggle of Cuban patriots against a Cuban dictator." He emphasizes the need for a comprehensive approach to preventing Communist expansion into the Western hemisphere. However, the invasion resulted in a boost in Castro's popularity in Cuba and Latin America and an embarrassment to Kennedy's Administration. (0:12:36)
Presidential History Modern History Cold War 1960s Space
In this address at Rice University in Texas, President Kennedy reaffirms the nation's commitment to becoming the leading pioneer in space exploration, overtaking the USSR. He emphasizes the necessity of dedicating vast resources, so that space "is not governed by a hostile flag of conquest, but by a banner of freedom and peace." (0:17:41)
Modern History Executive Branch Civil Rights African Americans 1960s
The Meredith v. Fair ruling mandated that the University of Mississippi allow African-American Air Force veteran James Meredith to enroll and attend classes. Governor Ross Barnett and local law enforcement openly defied the ruling and whites rioted against integration. The violence escalated and federal troops were called up to protect Meredith as he bravely entered the University. Here, President Kennedy urges all Mississippians to respect the rule of law and show "patriotism and integrity" during this time of transition. (0:08:33)
Presidential History Modern History Foreign Policy Communism Cold War Civil Rights 1960s
This address to the General Assembly of the United Nations stands in contrast to Kennedy's prior address to the body two years before (see "Speech on Non-Proliferation and Disarmament (1961)"). He adopts a hopeful tone, noting the progress in U.S.-Soviet relations and improvements in the UN itself. Kennedy urges further efforts to end the Cold War, aid developing countries, and end racial and religious discrimination throughout the world. Note Kennedy's proposal to cooperate with the USSR in space exploration. (0:28:08)
Presidential History Politics Modern History Health Cold War 1960s Space
President Kennedy dedicates the new Aerospace Medical Health Center in San Antonio, Texas on November 21. In one of his last speeches, President Kennedy lists specific examples of the utility of the space program, citing its medical, environmental, and symbolic value. (0:08:55)
Approximately 15 minutes of Martin Luther King's famous "I Have a Dream" speech, given August 28, 1963. Very good at illustrating King's dramatic speaking style. (0:16:14)
Universal Newsreel (December 21, 1950): MacArthur, savage war of attrition on narrow beachhead, scores died, atrocities, rapidly narrowing perimeter, but 12 nations rallied, led by Canada, Inchon landing, air cover of B-29s dropping bombs, allies pushed north, "then, it happened" and UN armies forced into retreat, paid heavily in casualties, Chosin resorvoir. Source: http://www.archive.org/download/1950-12-21_War_or_Peace/1950-12-21_War_or_Peace_256kb.mp4 (0:03:28)
Universal Newsreel (April 9, 1945): "Pacific Fleet Commander, Admiral Nimitz sends an armada of 1,400 vessels to Okinawa in the Ryukus. En route, the men of the new U.S. 10th Army stage their own deck entertainment, and secure their issue of invasion money. Land sighted, the big guns of the fleet bark into action, and tons of rockets are sped shoreward. Landing craft race in, and unopposed landings are made. Inland, Jap [sic] dugouts and pill boxes are destroyed with grenades. Past broken forts, natives climb down from the hills, the Stars and Stripes are run up, and the Yanks prepare for their campaign on Okinawa, 360 miles from Japan itself. scenes of Adms. Nimitz, Mitscher, Ernie Pyle watches accordion and dance, 1400 ships prepare attack, naval guns open up, rocket barrages, civilians gave up." Source: http://www.archive.org/download/1945-04-09_Landings_On_Okinawa/1945-04-09_Landings_On_Okinawa_256kb.mp4 (0:01:36)
Owen Lattimore was investigated by the House Un-American Activities Committee and accused by McCarthy of being a "top Russian spy." His defiant demeanor before McCarthy belied an attempt to sway public opinion of him during the highly publicized hearings.
A photo of Marx Leva. Counsel to the fiscal director of the Navy, 1946; Special Asst. to the Secretary of the Navy, 1947; Special Asst. and Gen. Counsel to the Secretary of Defense, 1947-49; and Asst. Secretary of Defense, 1949-51. Leva had the ear of President Truman and suggested changes to his Civil Rights Message. Source: http://www.trumanlibrary.org/photographs/97-1866.jpg
In this clip, conservative FOX television host Rush Limbaugh warns Republicans of a liberally-biased popular media. In light of the end of the Fairness Doctrine, the advent of Limbaugh and other partisan commentators in the mass media continues to raise questions on the media's free speech obligations. Source: http://www.americanrhetoric.com/mp3clips/politicalspeeches/rushlimbaughtoHouseGOPFreshmen.mp3 (0:02:34)
A very nice audio clip of the demagogue Louisiana Governor Huey Long stating that America's wealth should be redistributed. This clip offers a clear illustration of Long's populist message, including a financial breakdown of his overall plan. (0:03:19)
This map clearly illustrates the geographic relationship between the English colonies in America and New France. Includes references to strategic outposts, cities, and forts in North America.
This map depicts territorial expansion of the American colonies at the brink of the Revolution, including a clear demarcation of the Proclamation Line of 1763, which limited westward expansion by American colonists.
This map includes information related to the support and opposition for the Constitution and indicates where, in the United States, the Federalists and Anti-Federalists enjoyed the most support.
On this broadcast of See It Now with Edward R. Murrow, which aired April 6, 1954, the CBS newsman invited Sen. Joseph McCarthy to respond to charges made against him on the March 9 broadcast. McCarthy's rambling and hostile response did the most to undermine his power in the Senate.
A statement by then Oregon Senator Wayne Morse on the danger of the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution passed by Congress, which gave President Johnson an enormous amount of discretion in how, where and when to wage war. (0:00:26)
This early television commercial shows the marketing techniques of the makers of consumer products and the pervasiveness of advertising in the new medium. (0:01:03)
Politics Native Americans Government Executive Branch
A photo of Phileo Nash, Special Assistant for Domestic Operations, Office of War Information, 1942-45, and special consultant to the Secretary of War, 1943. Special Assistant to President for minority problems, 1946-52, and an Administrative Assistant to the President, 1952-53. Later served as Lieutenant Governor of Wisconsin, 1959-61, and as Commissioner of Indian Affairs, 1961-66. Nash was at the center of the National Guard desegregation issue. He called to the attention of President Truman the possible trouble brewing. Source: http://www.trumanlibrary.org/oralhist/71-2457.jpg
"We do our part." The National Recovery Administration, as part of Roosevelt's New Deal, operated as a mechanism for the government to regulate wages and demand more jobs. Ultimately, the NRA benefited large corporations more than small businesses and it was declared unconstitutional in 1935. Source: http://www.archive.org/download/National1933/National1933_256kb.mp4 (0:02:49)
This video clip traces the evolution of the relationship between Native Americans and the imperial powers from before the French and Indian War to American Independence. Source: http://dig.lib.niu.edu/teachers/video/LewisC.rm (0:02:34)
An almost-winner of the 1960 election, and a close winner of the 1968 election, the former Vice President, Richard Nixon, defeated the Democratic Vice President, Hubert Humphrey, and the American Independent Party candidate, George Wallace. His victory ushered in a new period of Republican control of the White House. (0:02:14)
On April 19, 1995, a truck bomb nearly leveled the Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building in Oklahoma City, killing 168. White separatists Timothy McVeigh and Terry Nichols were later convicted of perpetrating the second deadliest terrorist attack in U.S. history. Source: http://www.cnn.com/resources/video.almanac/1995/okc.bombing/okc.bombing.large.mov (0:00:20)
In Adarand Constructors, Inc. v. Pena, 513 U.S. 1012 (1994) the Supreme Court held that a federal affirmative action program remains constitutional when narrowly tailored to accomplish a compelling government interest such as remedying discrimination.
The Supreme Court handed down its decisions in Gratz v. Bollinger, 539 U.S. (2003) In Gratz, the Court rejected the undergraduate admissions program at the College of Literature, Science and the Arts, which granted points based on race and ethnicity and did not provide for a review of each applicant’s entire file.
The Supreme Court handed down its decision in Grutter v. Bollinger, 539 U.S.(2003) In Grutter, the Court held that the University of Michigan’s use of race among other factors in its law school admissions program was constitutional because the program furthered a compelling interest in obtaining “an educational benefit that flows from student body diversity”. The Court also found that the law school’s program was narrowly tailored; it was flexible, and provided for a “holistic” review of each applicant.
The Supreme Court ruled in Johnson v. Transportation Agency, Santa Clara County, California, 480 U.S. 616 (1987) that a severe under representation of women and minorities justified the use of race or sex as "one factor" in choosing among qualified candidates.
The Supreme Court in Local 28 of the Sheet Metal Workers' International Association v. E.E.O.C., 478 U.S. 421 (1986) upheld a judicially-ordered 29% minority "membership admission goal" for a union that had intentionally discriminated against minorities, confirming that courts may order race- conscious relief to correct and prevent future discrimination.
The Supreme Court in City of Richmond v. J.A. Croson Co., 488 U.S. 469 (1989) struck down Richmond's minority contracting program as unconstitutional, requiring that a state or local affirmative action program be supported by a "compelling interest" and be narrowly tailored to ensure that the program furthers that interest.
Universal Newsreel (April 18, 1967): Antiwar demonstrators protest in Central Park, march to UN building, included students and hippies and priests and nuns, burn draft cards, shouted confrontations with anti-antiwar marchers, pro-war signs, Martin Luther King leads procession; another march in downtown San Francisco down Market Street to stadium, sponsored by loose coalition of left-wing anti-war groups, "President Johnson meanwhile let it be known that the FBI is closely watching all anti-war activity." - violence in Rome in night demonstration near U.S. embassy, water jets used. Source: http://www.archive.org/download/1967-04-18_Peace_March/1967-04-18_Peace_March_256kb.mp4 (0:02:47)
Iraqi War Middle East Oil Crisis Oil Crisis and change in America
This video debates the prospect, originally posited by M. King Hubbert, of the decline and end of world oil production and the potential economic and political ramifications for the world. (0:09:01)
Iraqi War Middle East Oil Crisis Oil Crisis and change in America
This video debates the prospect, originally posited by M. King Hubbert, of the decline and end of world oil production and the potential economic and political ramifications for the world. (0:07:38)
Iraqi War Middle East Oil Crisis Oil Crisis and change in America
This video debates the prospect, originally posited by M. King Hubbert, of the decline and end of world oil production and the potential economic and political ramifications for the world. (0:06:28)
This early television commercial shows the marketing techniques of the makers of consumer products and the pervasiveness of advertising in the new medium. (0:01:00)
Separation of Powers/Checks and Balances Presidential History Politics Government Constitution
This PowerPoint presentation that includes information related to how the president can influence the passage of important legislation and national policy.
This is a War Department film from 1943 showing how the use of alcohol by soldiers can be dangerous for national security. "Loose Lips Sink Ships." This cartoon features the voice of Mel Blanc. (0:01:45)
During the Election of 1988, vice presidential candidates Dan Quayle and Lloyd Bentsen confronted each other in this televised debate. Despite the fact the Bentsen had been able to ruffle Quayle with his famously unfavorable comparison to John F. Kennedy, George Bush went on to win the race.
Asa Philip Randolph, a trade unionist and civil rights leader, was a dedicated and persistent leader in the struggle for justice and equity for black Americans. As treasurer for the Committee Against Jim Crow in Military Service and Training, he wrote to President Truman in regards to the proposed Universal Military Training bill. Randolph maintained that the bill, if adopted as written, would subject American youth to compulsory Jim Crow. Source: http://www.loc.gov/shop/images/catalog/items/enlarge/enlarge_aphra.jpg
This video shows CBS reporter Dan Rather being punched by a security guard on the floor of the Democratic National Convention in Chicago as riot police and National Guard troops brutalized anti-war demonstrators outside.
In this excerpt from his first inaugural address, given January 20, 1981, President Reagan addressed the fact that the American people should be the government's primary focus. A good example of his public speaking skills, reflecting his status as the "Great Communicator." (0:00:44)
This early television commercial shows the marketing techniques of the makers of consumer products and the pervasiveness of advertising in the new medium. (0:01:00)
In this particularly eloquent address, presidential candidate Robert F. Kennedy urges his listeners not to resort to vengeance in the wake of Dr. Martin Luther King's murder.
This film depicts an example of police brutality - the infamous home video of the beating of motorist Rodney King by Los Angeles police officers. When the officers involved were acquitted on all counts in a high-profile trial, riots erupted in South Central Los Angeles. (0:00:59)
Universal Newsreel (October 4, 1933): New York, NY: Addressing the National Conference of Catholic Charities, the Chief Executive is seen in striking pictures, making an appeal for continued unemployment relief this winter, urging every community to aid the destitute, and promising that the Federal Government will do its share to assist the deserving needy. Many notables, including His Eminenece, Patrick Cardinal Hayes, hear Mr. Roosevelt's plea." sound of Roosevelt speaking. Source: http://www.archive.org/download/1933-10-04_President_Asks_Church_Leaders/1933-10-04_President_Asks_Church_Leaders_256kb.mp4 (0:01:25)
Universal Newsreel (March 9, 1933): Washington, DC: First sound pictures of the epochal opening of the special session of the Seventy-third Congress, the elevation of Representative Henry T. Rainey of Illinois to the Speaker's Chair, the reading of President Roosevelt's dramatic message calling for immediate banking legislation, and striking scenes of the president as he signs the resulting banking bill less than eight hours after his call for action to relieve the financial crisis. Meanwhile, in all parts of the country, philosophical citizens cheerfully make the best of the situation and transact business on a 'credit and carry' basis, while 'barter marts' brow and flourish." Congress deliberates on the bill , signs in stores, guitar traded for apples, police and people on the street. Source: http://www.archive.org/download/1933-03-09_President_Roosevelts_Emergency_Bank_Bill/1933-03-09_President_Roosevelts_Emergency_Bank_Bill_256kb.mp4 (0:01:16)
This 13-minute clip includes portions of President Franklin Delano Roosevelt's Fireside Chat on the banking crisis which enveloped the nation following the stock market collapse in 1929. The clip reflects Roosevelts's ability to connect to the average American by speaking about a complex issue in very simple terms. In the clip, Roosevelt explains that the banks that will reopen are fiscally sound and will protect the investments of those who deposit their money. (0:13:08)
Franklin Delano Roosevelt's First Inaugural Address, which outlines his plans for initiating economic recovery through the involvement of the federal government. (0:18:48)
A photo of Kenneth C. Royall: Special Assistant to the Secretary of War, 1945; Under Secretary of War, 1945-1947; Secretary of War, 1947
Secretary of the Army, 1947-1949. Left to right: Honorable Josephus Daniels, Mrs. Kenneth C. Royall, and Kenneth C. Royall, Secretary of War, attending the 15th annual 4-H Club Week at North Carolina State College, August 18-23, 1947. Royall was actively against the desegregation of the National Guard under Truman. Source: http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/specialcollections/images/uapc/0004809.jpg
In this broadcast of See It Now with Edward R. Murrow, which aired March 9, 1954, the CBS newsman deconstructed the bullying tactics of Sen. Joseph McCarthy in order to bring an end to his communist witch hunt.
"She's Funny That Way" by Ted Wallace and his Orchestra is an example of the kind of music that became popular in the 1920s as phonograph records became made popular music more accessible. (0:02:45)
Universal Newsreel (February 8, 1965): Pleiku in Vietnam, 8 died in recent attack, but 49 jets struck back, McNamara briefing with map shows response, speaks about retaliatory action approved by NSC; pictures of aircraft carrier and jets taking off; 2nd raid the next day by planes, Hawk missile battery, George McBundy arrives at Camp Holloway in Vietnam, visited hospital and Pleiku wounded, McBundy next day back at White House, speaks to press about the "sneak attack" due to nature of war in Vietnam and 'the contest against the communist regime'. Source: http://www.archive.org/download/1965-02-08_Showdown_in_Vietnam/1965-02-08_Showdown_in_Vietnam_256kb.mp4 (0:02:42)
Clip includes an audio recording and a scrolling transcript of a conversation between Nixon and and White House Chief of Staff H.R. Haldeman during which Nixon is clearly aware of the cover-up of the Watergate affair.
This educational film produced for a McGraw-Hill sociology textbook illustrates three social classes evident in the 1950s. The film stresses a rigid class system in which there is little hope for movement between classes. There is no coverage of minorities and social class within this film but it gives an interesting look at how sociologists viewed the decade.
This video contains footage of the construction and operations of the Panama Canal, which revolutionized international trade by linking East to West. Source: http://memory.loc.gov (0:28:38)
Universal Newsreel (May 16, 1960): wreckage of U-2 of Gary Powers on display in Moscow, Khrushchev with press; Khrushchev arrives in Paris "in ugly mood"; Ike arrives "unsmiling" and speaks at airport, Khrushchev "insulting tirade" torpedoed the summit talks. Source: http://www.archive.org/download/1960-05-16_summit_crisis/1960-05-16_summit_crisis_256kb.mp4 (0:00:51)
Atomic Bomb Technology World War II World War II Technology
This film demonstrates with some of the first photographic evidence the awesome force of the atomic bomb and the effect it had on the cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, Japan. Notably, the narration completely ignores the loss of human life in the blasts. Source: http://www.archive.org/download/TaleofTw1946/TaleofTw1946_256kb.mp4 (0:12:02)
This video gives a concise overview of the Tet Offensive, launched January 30, 1968. Even though U.S. forces eventually repelled the Viet Cong, the campaign turned Americans at home against the war. (0:00:30)
Politics Government Civil Rights Presidential History Progressivism
In 1912, Theodore Roosevelt again ran for president as the candidate for his Progressive or Bull Moose Party. This speech emphasized the role of liberty in the relationship between the people and their government. Source: http://www.archive.org/download/theoroos1912/libertyp1912_vbr.mp3 (0:03:40)
World War II Presidential History Modern History Foreign Policy Executive Branch
Truman declares May 8, 1945 to be a "solemn but a glorious hour." He calls on Americans to remain resolute until Japan's unconditional surrender and declare a National Day of Prayer. (0:05:51)
World War II Presidential History Modern History Foreign Policy Executive Branch
This address was broadcast from the U.S.S. Missouri following the unconditional surrender of Japan on September 2, 1945. Truman calls on citizens to remain steadfast in the face of post-war challenges and he offers thanks and praise to God, all Americans, the Allies, and Roosevelt. (0:08:44)
President Truman remained outspoken in his criticism of Senator Joseph McCarthy (R-Wisc.) and he accused McCarthy of playing on the fear of communism for personal political gain.
Clip includes a brief statement by President Truman announcing U.S. involvement in Korea and connecting the communist menace there with the safety and security of the United States. (0:00:22)
This PowerPoint presentation outlines the role of the woman at the turn of the century, which remained primarily in the domestic sphere. It also highlights the progress made in securing the vote.
Universal Newsreel (March 26, 1945): Prior to the opening of the momentous United Nations Conference in San Francisco on April 25th, the U.S. delegation convenes in Washington with Pres. Roosevelt. The U.S. members are Congressmen Eaton and Bloom, Senators Vandenburg and Connally, Dean Gildersleeve, Naval Commander Stassen and Sec. of State Stettinius. Pre-convention views of San Francisco reveal that the attractive West Coast metropolis is ready and waiting for the arrival of the dignitaries of the world. In a film interview, Sen. Stettinius states the aims and purposes of the parley." scenes of U.S. delegates to United Nations meets with Roosevelt in Washington, preparing for general meeting in San Francisco, Stettinius speaks. Source: http://www.archive.org/download/1945-03-26_Allies_Drive_Across_Rhine_To_Victory/1945-03-26_Allies_Drive_Across_Rhine_To_Victory_256kb.mp4 (0:02:14)
Universal Newsreel (April 24, 1944): "Shipan Island, Marianas: A Yankee task force meets Jap [sic] air opposition. Long rows of anti-aircraft guns blaze away, 5-inch guns on the carriers roar. The sky is filled with tracers and flak bursts, and we see Jap [sic] planes diving head on, deep into the Pacific Ocean. Explosions mark their watery graves. Nazi Sub Battle A Nazi sub surfaces in the Atlantic, and begins a battle royal with a U.S. Navy seaplane tender. The sub loses." Source: http://www.archive.org/download/1944-04-24_Campaign_in_Burma/1944-04-24_Campaign_in_Burma_256kb.mp4 (0:00:58)
On June 9, 1954, during the Army's hearings to investigate Sen. Joseph McCarthy, Army attorney Joseph Welch cut off McCarthy, famously saying, "Have you no sense of decency, sir, at long last? Have you left no sense of decency?" to the applause of the floor.
Government Politics Presidential History Progressivism
In an excerpt from one of Woodrow Wilson's campaign speeches, he describes the loss of democratic values in America and what he believes needs to be done to rejuvenate the country. Source: http://www.archive.org/download/woodwils1912/demoprin1912_vbr.mp3 (0:04:02)
A picture of the World Trade Center on "9/11", September 11, 2001, after the twin towers had been struck by two commercial airliners in a coordinated terrorist attack. The subsequent collapse of the skyscrapers killed almost 3000 people.
